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Isidora Revista
Eduardo Montagut
El 7 de octubre de 1926 se celebró por primera vez en España el Día del Libro, una fecha que luego se cambiaría al 23 de abril, que es la que tenemos nosotros. Al parecer, la idea primera surgió porque se creía que en esa fecha había nacido Cervantes, y fue promovida por el editor y escritor valenciano Vicente Clavel Andrés.
Queremos aprovechar en este otro mes de octubre para recordar el llamamiento a favor de los libros por parte del socialismo español que, además celebró un acto en la Casa del Pueblo de Madrid, en el que destacó la intervención de Andrés Ovejero, que disertó sobre el valor social del libro, asunto que trataremos en otro trabajo próximo, además de repartirse diez mil folletos, libros y hojas de propaganda.
Hoy nos fijamos, por tanto, en la defensa de los libros y del hábito de leer que se hizo desde el periódico El Socialista en su número del 8 de octubre de ese año de 1926.
Los socialistas perseguían que se despertase el gusto por las “buenas lecturas”, y eso debía comenzar en la escuela primaria, seguir en el Instituto y llegar a la Universidad. Había que poner en las manos del niño y del joven algo más sugestivo que el libro de texto, al que calificaron de árido y hasta repulsivo y antipático, destinado a generar para toda la vida una verdadera “bibliofobia”. No se trataba de criticar las lecturas científicas, necesarias para el estudio, pero el hábito de la lectura necesitaba libros atrayentes.
El periódico se lamentaba por aquellos jóvenes que no habían leído en la “edad crítica” de su formación intelectual otros libros que los de texto en los centros educativos. Así se perdía, como estamos viendo, el gusto por la lectura, y para siempre. Pero también se criticaba el hecho de que los niños en España estaban condenados a leer durante meses y hasta años en un mismo libro por muy bueno que fuera, porque la “virginidad del interés queda perdida al finalizar la primera lectura”.
Los socialistas defendían que se multiplicaran las bibliotecas circulantes, el ofrecer facilidades al pueblo para que pudiera llevarse a casa los libros durante un tiempo. Era necesario que las bibliotecas y las escuelas organizasen lecturas comentadas. Pero más fundamental era la elección las obras a leer y comentar, es decir, novelas, cuentos y libros de viajes que tuvieran en sí “un dinamismo capaz de apoderarse de la atención del lector”. Según la columna del periódico estas eran las obras que mayor número de lectores tenían, por lo que debían ser elegidas porque de lo que se trataba era de conquistar el amor del público por la lectura.
Este sistema de lecturas comentadas debía ser prioritario en las escuelas. Los maestros debían convertirse en una especie de bibliotecarios para traer a las mismas libros sugestivos, atrayentes, en fin.
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