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Isidora Revista
Eduardo Montagut
Como es sabido, Manuel Alonso Zapata fue uno de los maestros y socialistas más preocupados por la educación en los años veinte y treinta, además de ser diputado, y terminar trágicamente sus días al ser fusilado por los sublevados.
En el Almanaque de El Socialista del año 1930 reflexionaba sobre lo que podía hacer la escuela en favor de la paz. Queremos glosar sus enseñanzas en esta presente pieza.
La escuela podía “desarmar” los espíritus y evitar que “malvados”, atentos a sus intereses y tradiciones guerreras los envenenasen y predispusiesen a la guerra.
Los maestros de distintas naciones se tendían la mano, especialmente franceses y alemanes, por encima de las fronteras, sellando de ese modo su amistad, y se prometían orientar la educación de modo que los niños de todos los países aprendiesen que su misión no era llevar el fuego y la muerte a tierras invadidas. Alonso Zapata afirmaba que los maestros franceses revisaban los textos escolares y no admitían los que pudieran alimentar el odio al extranjero o fomentar un espíritu belicoso. Todo eso había obligado a que las editoriales cambiasen sus ediciones, siguiendo las indicaciones del Sindicato Nacional de Maestros.
Alonso Zapata expresaba que el magisterio pretendía orientar la educación hacia la comprensión y solidaridad internacionales, fomentar el intercambio y la colaboración y tomar parte activa en todas las actividades nacionales e internacionales con el fin de consolidar la paz. Los maestros creían, y así lo habían expresado en distintas reuniones internacionales, que tenían dos objetivos, primero documentándose y tomando posiciones para saber cómo podían los pueblos resolver sus diferencias en paz, y luego actuando con los niños, adolescentes y adultos para crear ambiente de paz. En ese sentido, explicaba que los maestros alemanes (todavía no había subido el nazismo al poder) consideraban que era una cuestión de cultura y de sentimiento. Había que trabajar apoyando con verdades lo que se afirmaba y crear una especie de “misticismo de la paz”.
Nuestro maestro opinaba que las autoridades debían ponerse en marcha. Los maestros, por su parte, puestos de acuerdo, podían hacerse oír hasta en los sitios más apartados, y eso pasaba fuera de España, difundiendo el espíritu de solidaridad y comprensión internacionales, en mostrar lo que podía ser algún día la Sociedad de Naciones, organizando a alumnos y maestros, en procurar la colaboración y unión de las organizaciones profesionales de cada país, y en concertar alianzas con todas las fuerzas interesadas en el mismo fin, y que consideraba no eran otras que las organizaciones sindicales obreras. Alonso Zapata fue también un activo sindicalista de la enseñanza.
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